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<![endif]--><script type="text/javascript" src="common/browserDetect.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="common/jquery/jquery-1.7.2.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="common/jquery/jquery.ui.all.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="common/jquery/jquery.cookie.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="common/jquery/treeview/jquery.treeview.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="common/jquery/layout/jquery.layout.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="search/l10n.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="search/htmlFileInfoList.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="search/nwSearchFnt.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="search/stemmers/en_stemmer.js"><!--//make this scalable to other languages as well.--></script><script type="text/javascript" src="search/index-1.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="search/index-2.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="search/index-3.js"></script></head><body><noscript><div id="noscript">JavaScript is disabled on your browser. Please enable JavaScript to enjoy all the features of this site.</div></noscript><div id="header"><a href="index.html"><img style="margin-right: 2px; height: 59px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 8px" align="right" src="common/images/logo.png" alt=" Documentation"></img></a><h1>Recoll user manual<br></br>Searching</h1><div id="navheader"><table class="navLinks"><tr><td><a id="showHideButton" href="#" onclick="myLayout.toggle('west')" class="pointLeft" tabindex="5" title="Hide TOC tree">Sidebar
</a></td><td><a accesskey="p" class="navLinkPrevious" tabindex="5" href="RCL.SEARCH.PTRANS.html">Prev</a>
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<a accesskey="n" class="navLinkNext" tabindex="5" href="RCL.SEARCH.LANG.MODIFIERS.html">Next</a></td></tr></table></div></div><div id="content"><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="RCL.SEARCH.LANG"></a>The query language</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="RCL.SEARCH.LANG.MODIFIERS.html">Modifiers</a></span></dt></dl></div><p>The query language processor is activated in the GUI
simple search entry when the search mode selector is set to
<span class="guilabel">Query Language</span>. It can also be used with the KIO
slave or the command line search. It broadly has the same
capabilities as the complex search interface in the
GUI.</p><p>The language was based on the now defunct
<a class="ulink" href="http://www.xesam.org/main/XesamUserSearchLanguage95" target="_top">
Xesam</a> user search language specification.</p><p>If the results of a query language search puzzle you and you
doubt what has been actually searched for, you can use the GUI
<code class="literal">Show Query</code> link at the top of the result list to
check the exact query which was finally executed by Xapian.</p><p>Here follows a sample request that we are going to
explain:</p><pre class="programlisting">
author:"john doe" Beatles OR Lennon Live OR Unplugged -potatoes
</pre><p>This would search for all documents with
<em class="replaceable"><code>John Doe</code></em>
appearing as a phrase in the author field (exactly what this is
would depend on the document type, ie: the
<code class="literal">From:</code> header, for an email message),
and containing either <em class="replaceable"><code>beatles</code></em> or
<em class="replaceable"><code>lennon</code></em> and either
<em class="replaceable"><code>live</code></em> or
<em class="replaceable"><code>unplugged</code></em> but not
<em class="replaceable"><code>potatoes</code></em> (in any part of the document).</p><p>An element is composed of an optional field specification,
and a value, separated by a colon (the field separator is the last
colon in the element). Examples:
<em class="replaceable"><code>Eugenie</code></em>,
<em class="replaceable"><code>author:balzac</code></em>,
<em class="replaceable"><code>dc:title:grandet</code></em>
<em class="replaceable"><code>dc:title:"eugenie grandet"</code></em>
</p><p>The colon, if present, means "contains". Xesam defines other
relations, which are mostly unsupported for now (except in special
cases, described further down).</p><p>All elements in the search entry are normally combined
with an implicit AND. It is possible to specify that elements be
OR'ed instead, as in <em class="replaceable"><code>Beatles</code></em>
<code class="literal">OR</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>Lennon</code></em>. The
<code class="literal">OR</code> must be entered literally (capitals), and
it has priority over the AND associations:
<em class="replaceable"><code>word1</code></em>
<em class="replaceable"><code>word2</code></em> <code class="literal">OR</code>
<em class="replaceable"><code>word3</code></em>
means
<em class="replaceable"><code>word1</code></em> AND
(<em class="replaceable"><code>word2</code></em> <code class="literal">OR</code>
<em class="replaceable"><code>word3</code></em>)
not
(<em class="replaceable"><code>word1</code></em> AND
<em class="replaceable"><code>word2</code></em>) <code class="literal">OR</code>
<em class="replaceable"><code>word3</code></em>. </p><p><span class="application">Recoll</span> versions 1.21 and later, allow using parentheses to
group elements, which will sometimes make things clearer, and may
allow expressing combinations which would have been difficult
otherwise.</p><p>An element preceded by a <code class="literal">-</code> specifies a
term that should <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> appear.</p><p>As usual, words inside quotes define a phrase
(the order of words is significant), so that
<em class="replaceable"><code>title:"prejudice pride"</code></em> is not the same as
<em class="replaceable"><code>title:prejudice title:pride</code></em>, and is
unlikely to find a result.</p><p>Words inside phrases and capitalized words are not
stem-expanded. Wildcards may be used anywhere inside a term.
Specifying a wild-card on the left of a term can produce a very
slow search (or even an incorrect one if the expansion is
truncated because of excessive size). Also see
<a class="link" href="RCL.SEARCH.WILDCARDS.html" title="More about wildcards">
More about wildcards</a>.</p><p>To save you some typing, recent <span class="application">Recoll</span> versions (1.20 and later)
interpret a comma-separated list of terms as an AND list inside the
field. Use slash characters ('/') for an OR list. No white space
is allowed. So
</p><pre class="programlisting">author:john,lennon</pre><p> will search for
documents with <code class="literal">john</code> and <code class="literal">lennon</code>
inside the <code class="literal">author</code> field (in any order), and
</p><pre class="programlisting">author:john/ringo</pre><p> would search for
<code class="literal">john</code> or <code class="literal">ringo</code>.</p><p>Modifiers can be set on a double-quote value, for example to specify
a proximity search (unordered). See
<a class="link" href="RCL.SEARCH.LANG.MODIFIERS.html" title="Modifiers">the modifier
section</a>. No space must separate the final
double-quote and the modifiers value, e.g. <em class="replaceable"><code>"two
one"po10</code></em></p><p><span class="application">Recoll</span> currently manages the following default fields:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p><code class="literal">title</code>,
<code class="literal">subject</code> or <code class="literal">caption</code> are
synonyms which specify data to be searched for in the
document title or subject.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="literal">author</code> or
<code class="literal">from</code> for searching the documents
originators.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="literal">recipient</code> or
<code class="literal">to</code> for searching the documents
recipients.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="literal">keyword</code> for searching the
document-specified keywords (few documents actually have
any).</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="literal">filename</code> for the document's
file name. This is not necessarily set for all documents:
internal documents contained inside a compound one (for example
an EPUB section) do not inherit the container file name any more,
this was replaced by an explicit field (see next). Sub-documents
can still have a specific <code class="literal">filename</code>, if it is
implied by the document format, for example the attachment file
name for an email attachment.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="literal">containerfilename</code>. This is
set for all documents, both top-level and contained
sub-documents, and is always the name of the filesystem directory
entry which contains the data. The terms from this field can
only be matched by an explicit field specification (as opposed
to terms from <code class="literal">filename</code> which are also indexed
as general document content). This avoids getting matches for
all the sub-documents when searching for the container file
name.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="literal">ext</code> specifies the file
name extension (Ex: <code class="literal">ext:html</code>)</p></li></ul></div><p><span class="application">Recoll</span> 1.20 and later have a way to specify aliases for the
field names, which will save typing, for example by aliasing
<code class="literal">filename</code> to <em class="replaceable"><code>fn</code></em> or
<code class="literal">containerfilename</code> to
<em class="replaceable"><code>cfn</code></em>. See the <a class="link" href="RCL.INSTALL.CONFIG.FIELDS.html" title="The fields file">section about the
<code class="filename">fields</code> file</a></p><p>The document input handlers used while indexing have the
possibility to create other fields with arbitrary names, and
aliases may be defined in the configuration, so that the exact
field search possibilities may be different for you if someone
took care of the customisation.</p><p>The field syntax also supports a few field-like, but
special, criteria:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p><code class="literal">dir</code> for filtering the
results on file location
(Ex: <code class="literal">dir:/home/me/somedir</code>).
<code class="literal">-dir</code>
also works to find results not in the specified directory
(release >= 1.15.8). Tilde expansion will be performed as
usual (except for a bug in versions 1.19 to
1.19.11p1). Wildcards will be expanded, but
please <a class="link" href="RCL.SEARCH.WILDCARDS.PATH.html" title="Wildcards and path filtering"> have a
look</a> at an important limitation of wildcards in
path filters.</p><p>Relative paths also make sense, for example,
<code class="literal">dir:share/doc</code> would match either
<code class="filename">/usr/share/doc</code> or
<code class="filename">/usr/local/share/doc</code> </p><p>Several <code class="literal">dir</code> clauses can be specified,
both positive and negative. For example the following makes sense:
</p><pre class="programlisting">
dir:recoll dir:src -dir:utils -dir:common
</pre><p> This would select results which have both
<code class="filename">recoll</code> and <code class="filename">src</code> in the
path (in any order), and which have not either
<code class="filename">utils</code> or
<code class="filename">common</code>.</p><p>You can also use <code class="literal">OR</code> conjunctions
with <code class="literal">dir:</code> clauses.</p><p>A special aspect of <code class="literal">dir</code> clauses is
that the values in the index are not transcoded to UTF-8, and
never lower-cased or unaccented, but stored as binary. This means
that you need to enter the values in the exact lower or upper
case, and that searches for names with diacritics may sometimes
be impossible because of character set conversion
issues. Non-ASCII UNIX file paths are an unending source of
trouble and are best avoided.</p><p>You need to use double-quotes around the path value if it
contains space characters.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="literal">size</code> for filtering the
results on file size. Example:
<code class="literal">size<10000</code>. You can use
<code class="literal"><</code>, <code class="literal">></code> or
<code class="literal">=</code> as operators. You can specify a range like the
following: <code class="literal">size>100 size<1000</code>. The usual
<code class="literal">k/K, m/M, g/G, t/T</code> can be used as (decimal)
multipliers. Ex: <code class="literal">size>1k</code> to search for files
bigger than 1000 bytes.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="literal">date</code> for searching or filtering
on dates. The syntax for the argument is based on the ISO8601
standard for dates and time intervals. Only dates are supported, no
times. The general syntax is 2 elements separated by a
<code class="literal">/</code> character. Each element can be a date or a
period of time. Periods are specified as
<code class="literal">P</code><em class="replaceable"><code>n</code></em><code class="literal">Y</code><em class="replaceable"><code>n</code></em><code class="literal">M</code><em class="replaceable"><code>n</code></em><code class="literal">D</code>.
The <em class="replaceable"><code>n</code></em> numbers are the respective numbers
of years, months or days, any of which may be missing. Dates are
specified as
<em class="replaceable"><code>YYYY</code></em>-<em class="replaceable"><code>MM</code></em>-<em class="replaceable"><code>DD</code></em>.
The days and months parts may be missing. If the
<code class="literal">/</code> is present but an element is missing, the
missing element is interpreted as the lowest or highest date in the
index. Examples:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: circle; "><li class="listitem"><p><code class="literal">2001-03-01/2002-05-01</code> the
basic syntax for an interval of dates.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="literal">2001-03-01/P1Y2M</code> the
same specified with a period.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="literal">2001/</code> from the beginning of
2001 to the latest date in the index.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="literal">2001</code> the whole year of
2001</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="literal">P2D/</code> means 2 days ago up to
now if there are no documents with dates in the future.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="literal">/2003</code> all documents from
2003 or older.</p></li></ul></div><p>Periods can also be specified with small letters (ie:
p2y).</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="literal">mime</code> or
<code class="literal">format</code> for specifying the
MIME type. These clauses are processed besides the normal
Boolean logic of the search. Multiple values will be OR'ed
(instead of the normal AND). You can specify types to be
excluded, with the usual <code class="literal">-</code>, and use
wildcards. Example: <em class="replaceable"><code>mime:text/*
-mime:text/plain</code></em>
Specifying an explicit boolean
operator before a <code class="literal">mime</code> specification is not
supported and will produce strange results. </p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="literal">type</code> or
<code class="literal">rclcat</code> for specifying the category (as in
text/media/presentation/etc.). The classification of MIME
types in categories is defined in the <span class="application">Recoll</span> configuration
(<code class="filename">mimeconf</code>), and can be modified or
extended. The default category names are those which permit
filtering results in the main GUI screen. Categories are OR'ed
like MIME types above, and can be negated with
<code class="literal">-</code>.</p></li></ul></div><div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3 class="title">Note</h3><p>
<code class="literal">mime</code>, <code class="literal">rclcat</code>,
<code class="literal">size</code> and <code class="literal">date</code> criteria
always affect the whole query (they are applied as a final
filter), even if set with other terms inside a parenthese.</p></div><div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3 class="title">Note</h3><p>
<code class="literal">mime</code> (or the equivalent
<code class="literal">rclcat</code>) is the <span class="emphasis"><em>only</em></span>
field with an <code class="literal">OR</code> default. You do need to use
<code class="literal">OR</code> with <code class="literal">ext</code> terms for
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