git clone https://@opensourceprojects.eu/git/p/recoll1/code recoll1-code
Read Me
More documentation can be found in the doc/ directory or at http://www.recoll.org
Recoll user manual
Jean-Francois Dockes
<jean-francois.dockes@wanadoo.fr>
Copyright (c) 2005 Jean-Francois Dockes
This document introduces full text search notions and describes the
installation and use of the Recoll application.
[ Split HTML / Single HTML ]
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction
1.1. Giving it a try
1.2. Full text search
1.3. Recoll overview
2. Indexing
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Index storage
2.2.1. Security aspects
2.3. The indexing configuration
2.4. Starting indexing
2.5. Using cron to automate indexing
3. Search
3.1. Simple search
3.2. Complex/advanced search
3.3. Multiple databases
3.4. Document history
3.5. Result list sorting
3.6. Additional result list functionality
3.7. Search tips, shortcuts
3.8. Customising the search interface
4. Installation
4.1. Building from source
4.1.1. Prerequisites
4.1.2. Building
4.1.3. Installation
4.2. Installing a prebuilt copy
4.2.1. Installing through a package system
4.2.2. Installing a prebuilt Recoll
4.3. Packages needed for external file types
4.4. Configuration overview
4.4.1. Main configuration file
4.4.2. The mimemap file
4.4.3. The mimeconf file
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Chapter 1. Introduction
1.1. Giving it a try
If you do not like reading manuals (who does?) and would like to give
Recoll a try, just perform installation and start the recoll user
interface, which will index your home directory and let you search it
right after.
Do not do this if your home has a huge number of documents and you do not
want to wait or are very short on disk space. In this case, you may want
to edit the configuration file first to restrict the indexed area.
Also be aware that you will need to install the appropriate supporting
applications for document types that need them (for example antiword for
ms-word files).
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1.2. Full text search
Recoll is a full text search application. Full text search applications
let you find your data by content rather than by external attributes (like
a file name). More specifically, they will let you specify words (terms)
that should or should not appear in the text you are looking for, and
return a list of matching documents, ordered so that the most relevant
documents will appear first.
You do not need to remember in what file or email message you stored a
given piece of information. You just ask for related terms, and the tool
will return a list of documents where those terms are prominent.
This mode of operation has been made very familiar by internet search
engines.
The notion of relevance is a difficult one, as only you, the user,
actually know which documents are relevant to your search, and the
application can only try a guess. The quality of this guess is probably
the most important element for a search application.
In many cases, you are looking for all the forms of a word, not for a
specific form or spelling. These different forms may include plurals,
different tenses for a verb, or terms derived from the same root or stem
(exemple: floor, floors, floored, floorings...). Recoll will by default
expand queries to all such related terms (words that reduce to the same
stem). This expansion can be disabled at search time.
Stemming, by itself, does not provide for misspellings or phonetic
searches. Recoll currently does not support these.
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1.3. Recoll overview
Recoll uses the Xapian information retrieval library as its storage and
retrieval engine. Xapian is a very mature package using a sophisticated
probabilistic ranking model. Recoll provides the interface to get data
into (indexing) and out (searching) of the system.
In practice, Xapian works by remembering where terms appear in your
document files. The acquisition process is called indexing.
The resulting index can be big (roughly the size of the original document
set), but it is not a document archive. Recoll can only display documents
that still exist at the place from which they were indexed. (Actually,
there is a way to reconstruct a document from the information in the
index, but the result is not nice, as all formatting, punctuation and
capitalisation are lost).
Recoll stores all internal data in Unicode UTF-8 format, and it can index
files with different character sets, encodings, and languages into the
same index. It has input filters for many document types.
Stemming depends on the document language. Recoll stores the unstemmed
versions of terms and uses auxiliary databases for term expansion. It can
switch stemming languages, or add a language, without reindexing. Storing
documents in different languages in the same index is possible, and useful
in practice, but does introduce possibilities of confusion. Recoll
currently makes no attempt at automatic language recognition.
Recoll has many parameters which define exactly what to index, and how to
classify and decode the source documents. These are kept in a
configuration file. A default configuration is copied into a standard
location (usually something like /usr/[local/]share/recoll/examples)
during installation. The default parameters from this file may be
overriden by values that you set inside your personal configuration, found
by default in the .recoll subdirectory of your home directory. The default
configuration will index your home directory with default parameters and
should be sufficient for giving Recoll a try, but you may want to adjust
it later.
Indexing is started automatically the first time you execute the recoll
search graphical user interface, or by executing the recollindex command.
Searches are performed inside the recoll program, which has many options
to help you find what you are looking for.
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Chapter 2. Indexing
2.1. Introduction
Indexing is the process by which the set of documents is analyzed and the
data entered into the database. Recoll indexing is normally incremental:
documents will only be processed if they have been modified. On the first
execution, of course, all documents will need processing. A full index
build can be forced later on by specifying an option to the indexing
command (recollindex -z).
Recoll indexing takes place at discrete times. There is currently no
interface to real time file modification monitors. The typical usage is to
have a nightly indexing run programmed into your cron file.
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Side note: there is nothing in Recoll and Xapian that would prevent |
| interfacing with a real time file modification monitor, but this would |
| tend to consume significant system resources for dubious gain, because |
| you rarely need a full text search to find documents you just |
| modified. recollindex -i can be used to add individual files to the |
| index if you want to play with this, see the manual page. |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
Recoll knows about quite a few different document types. The parameters
for document types recognition and processing are set in configuration
files Most file types, like HTML or word processing files, only hold one
document. Some file types, like mail folder files can hold many
individually indexed documents.
Recoll indexing processes plain text, HTML, openoffice and e-mail files
internally. Other types (ie: postscript, pdf, ms-word, rtf) need external
applications for preprocessing. The list is in the installation section.
Without further configuration, Recoll will index all appropriate files
from your home directory, with a reasonable set of defaults.
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2.2. Index storage
The default location for the index data is the $HOME/.recoll/xapiandb/
directory. This can be changed by setting the RECOLL_CONFDIR environment
variable, or by specifying the dbdir parameter in the configuration file
(see the configuration section).
The size of the index is determined by the size of the set of documents,
but the ratio can vary a lot. For a typical mixed set of documents, the
index size will often be close to the data set size. In specific cases (a
set of compressed mbox files for example), the index can become much
bigger than the documents. It may also be much smaller if the documents
contain a lot of images or other non-indexed data (an extreme example
being a set of mp3 files where only the tags would be indexed).
Of course, images, sound and video do not increase the index size, which
means that it will be quite typical nowadays (2006), that even a big index
will be negligible against the total amount of data on the computer.
The index data directory only contains data that will be rebuilt by an
index run, so that it can be destroyed safely.
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2.2.1. Security aspects
The Recoll index does not hold copies of the indexed documents. But it
does hold enough data to allow for an almost complete reconstruction. If
confidential data is indexed, access to the database directory should be
restricted.
As of version 1.4, Recoll will create the configuration directory with a
mode of 0700 (access by owner only). As the index directory is by default
a subdirectory of the configuration directory, this should result in
appropriate protection.
If you use another setup, you should think of the kind of protection you
need for your index, and set the directory access modes appropriately.
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2.3. The indexing configuration
Values set in the system-wide configuration file (named like
/usr/[local/]share/recoll/examples/recoll.conf) can be overriden by those
set in the personal one, named $HOME/.recoll/recoll.conf by default or
$RECOLL_CONFDIR/recoll.conf if RECOLL_CONFDIR is set.
The most accurate documentation for editing the file is given by comments
inside the central one. If you want to adjust the configuration before
indexing, just click Cancel when the program asks if it should start
initial indexing. This will have created a .recoll directory containing
empty configuration files.
The configuration is also documented inside the installation chapter of
this document, or in the recoll.conf(5) man page.
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2.4. Starting indexing
Indexing is performed either by the recollindex program, or by the
indexing thread inside the recoll program (use the File menu).
If the recoll program finds no index when it starts, it will automatically
start indexing (except if cancelled).
It is best to avoid interrupting the indexing process, as this may
sometimes leave the database in a bad state. This is not a serious
problem, as you then just need to clear everything and restart the
indexing: the index files are normally stored in the
$HOME/.recoll/xapiandb directory, which you can just delete if needed.
Alternatively, you can start recollindex -z, which will reset the database
before indexing.
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2.5. Using cron to automate indexing
The most common way to set up indexing is to have a cron task execute it
every night. For example the following crontab entry would do it every day
at 3:30AM (supposing recollindex is in your PATH):
30 3 * * * recollindex > /tmp/recolltrace 2>&1
The usual command to edit your crontab is crontab -e (which will usually
start the vi editor to edit the file). You may have more sophisticated
tools available on your system.
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Chapter 3. Search
The recoll program provides the user interface for searching. It is based
on the QT library.
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3.1. Simple search
1. Start the recoll program.
2. Possibly choose a search mode: Any term or All terms or File name.
3. Enter search term(s) in the text field at the top of the window.
4. Click the Search button or hit the Enter key to start the search.
The initial default search mode is Any term. This will look for documents
with any of the search terms (the ones with more terms will get better
scores). All terms will ensure that only documents with all the terms will
be returned. File name will specifically look for file names, and allows
using wildcards (*, ? , []).
Recoll remembers the last few searches that you performed. You can use the
simple search text entry widget (a combobox) to recall them (click on the
thing at the right of the text field). Please note, however, that only the
search texts are remembered, not the mode (all/any/filename).
You can use the Tools / Advanced search dialog for more complex searches.
After starting a search, a list of results will instantly be displayed in
the main list window. Clicking on the Preview link for an entry will open
an internal preview window for the document. Clicking the Edit link will
attempt to start an external viewer (have a look at the mimeconf
configuration file to see how these are configured).
By default, the document list is presented in order of relevance (how well
the system estimates that the document matches the query). You can specify
a different ordering by using the Tools / Sort parameters dialog.
The Preview and Edit edit links may not be present for all entries,
meaning that Recoll has no configured way to preview a given file type
(which was indexed by name only), or no configured external viewer for the
file type. This can sometimes be adjusted simply by tweaking the mimemap
and mimeconf configuration files.
You can click on the Query details link at the top of the results page to
see the query actually performed, after stem expansion and other
processing.
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3.2. Complex/advanced search
The advanced search dialog has fields that will allow a more refined
search, looking for documents with all given words, a given exact phrase,
none of the given words, or a given file name (with wildcard expansion).
All relevant fields will be combined by an implicit AND clause.
It will let you search for documents of specific mime types (ie: only
text/plain, or text/html or application/pdf etc...)
It will let you restrict the search results to a subtree of the indexed
area.
Click on the Start Search button in the advanced search dialog to start
the search. The button in the main window always performs a simple search.
Click on the Show query details link at the top of the result page to see
the query expansion.
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3.3. Multiple databases
Your Recoll configuration always defines a main index. This is what gets
updated, for example, when you execute recollindex.
You can use the search configuration tool to define additional databases
to be searched. These databases can be made active or inactive at any
moment.
The typical use of this feature is for a system administrator to set up a
central index, that you may choose to search, or not, in addition to your
personal data. Of course, there are other possibilities.
The main index (defined by your personal configuration) is always active.
The list of searchable databases may also be defined by the
RECOLL_EXTRA_DBS environment variable. This should hold a colon-separated
list of index directories, ie:
export RECOLL_EXTRA_DBS=/some/place/xapiandb:/some/other/db
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3.4. Document history
Documents that you actually view (with the internal preview or an external
tool) are entered into the document history, which is remembered. You can
display the history list by using the Tools/Doc History menu entry.
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3.5. Result list sorting
The documents in a result list are normally sorted in order of relevance.
It is possible to specify different sort parameters by using the Sort
parameters dialog (located in the Tools menu).
The tool sorts a specified number of the most relevant documents in the
result list, according to specified criteria. The currently available
criteria are date and mime type.
The sort parameters stay in effect until they are explicitely reset, or
the program exits. An activated sort is indicated in the result list
header.
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3.6. Additional result list functionality
Apart from the preview and edit links, you can display a popup menu by
right-clicking over a paragraph in the result list. This menu has the
following entries:
* Preview
* Edit
* Copy File Name
* Copy Url
* More like this
The Preview and Edit entries do the same thing as the corresponding links.
The two following entries will copy either an url or the file path to the
clipboard, for pasting into another application.
The More like this entry will select a number of relevant term from the
current document and enter them into the simple search field. You can then
start a simple search, with a good chance of finding documents related to
the current result.
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3.7. Search tips, shortcuts
Disabling stem expansion. Entering a capitalized word in any search field
will prevent stem expansion (no search for gardening if you enter Garden
instead of garden). This is the only case where character case should make
a difference for a Recoll search.
Phrases. A phrase can be looked for by enclosing it in double quotes.
Example: "user manual" will look only for occurrences of user immediately
followed by manual. You can use the This exact phrase field of the
advanced search dialog to the same effect.
Term completion. Typing ^TAB (Control+Tab) in the simple search entry
field while entering a word will either complete the current word if its
beginning matches a unique term in the index, or open a window to propose
a list of completions
Picking up new terms for search from displayed documents. Double-clicking
on a word in the result list or in a preview window will copy it to the
simple search entry field.
Finding related documents. Selecting the More like this entry in the
result list paragraph right-click menu will select a set of "interesting"
terms from the current result, and insert them into the simple search
entry field. You can then possibly edit the list and start a search to
find documents which may be apparented to the current result.
Query explanation. You can get an exact description of what the query
looked for, including stem expansion, and boolean operators used, by
clicking on the result list header.
File names. File names are added as terms during indexing, and you can
specify them as ordinary terms in normal search fields (Recoll used to
index all directories in the file path as terms. This has been abandonned
as it did not seem really useful). Alternatively, you can use specific
file name search which will only look for file names and can use wildcard
expansion.
Quitting. Entering ^Q almost anywhere will close the application.
Closing previews. Entering ^W in a preview tab will close it (and, for the
last tab, close the preview window).
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3.8. Customising the search interface
It is possible to customise some aspects of the search interface by using
Query configuration entry in the Preferences menu.
There are two tabs in the dialog, dealing with the interface itself, and
with the parameters used for searching and returning results.
User interface parameters:
* Number of results in a result page
* Result list font: There is quite a lot of information shown in the
result list, and you may want to customise the font and/or font size.
The rest of the fonts used by Recoll are determined by your generic QT
config (try the qtconfig command.
* Html help browser: this will let you chose your preferred browser
which will be started from the Help menu to read the user manual. You
can enter a simple name if the command is in your PATH, or browse for
a full pathname.
* Show document type icons in result list: icons in the result list can
be turned off. They take quite a lot of space and convey relatively
little useful information.
* Auto-start simple search on whitespace entry: if this is checked, a
search will be executed each time you enter a space in the simple
search input field. This lets you look at the result list as you enter
new terms. This is off by default, you may like it or not...
Search parameters:
* Stemming language: stemming obviously depends on the document's
language. This listbox will let you chose among the stemming databases
which were built during indexing (this is set in the main
configuration file), or later added with recollindex -s (See the
recollindex manual). Stemming languages which are dynamically added
will be deleted at the next indexing pass unless they are also added
in the configuration file.
* Dynamically build abstracts: this decides if Recoll tries to build
document abstracts when displaying the result list. Abstracts are
constructed by taking context from the document information, around
the search terms. This can slow down result list display significantly
for big documents, and you may want to turn it off.
* Replace abstracts from documents: this decides if we should synthetize
and display an abstract in place of an explicit abstract found within
the document itself.
Extra databases:
This panel will let you browse for additional databases that you may want
to search. Extra databases are designated by their database directory (ie:
/home/someothergui/.recoll/xapiandb, /usr/local/recollglobal/xapiandb).
Once entered, the databases will appear in the All extra databases list,
and you can chose which ones you want to use at any moment by tranferring
them to/from the Active extra databases list.
Your main database (the one the current configuration indexes to), is
always implicitely active. If this is not desirable, you can set up your
configuration so that it indexes, for example, an empty directory.
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Chapter 4. Installation
4.1. Building from source
4.1.1. Prerequisites
At the very least, you will need to download and install the xapian core
package (Recoll development currently uses version 0.9.5), and the qt
runtime and development packages (Recoll development currently uses
version 3.3.5, but any 3.3 version is probably ok).
You will most probably be able to find a binary package for qt for your
system. You may have to compile Xapian but this is not difficult (if you
are using FreeBSD, there is a port).
You may also need libiconv. Recoll currently uses version 1.9 (this should
not be critical). On Linux systems, the iconv interface is part of libc
and you should not need to do anything special.
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4.1.2. Building
Recoll has been built on Linux (redhat7.3, mandriva 2005, Fedora Core 3),
FreeBSD and Solaris 8. If you build on another system, I would very much
welcome patches.
Depending on the qt configuration on your system, you may have to set the
QTDIR and QMAKESPECS variables in your environment:
* QTDIR should point to the directory above the one that holds the qt
include files (ie: qt.h).
* QMAKESPECS should be set to the name of one of the qt mkspecs
subdirectories (ie: linux-g++).
On many Linux systems, QTDIR is set by the login scripts, and QMAKESPECS
is not needed because there is a default link in mkspecs/.
The Recoll configure script does a better job of checking these variables
after release 1.1.1. Before this, unexplained errors will occur during
compilation if the environment is not set up. Also, for 1.1.0 the qmake
command should be in your PATH (later releases can also find it in
$QTDIR/bin).
Normal procedure:
cd recoll-xxx
configure
make
(practises usual hardship-repelling invocations)
There little autoconfiguration. The configure script will mainly link one
of the system-specific files in the mk directory to mk/sysconf. If your
system is not known yet, it will tell you as much, and you may want to
manually copy and modify one of the existing files (the new file name
should be the output of uname -s).
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4.1.3. Installation
Either type make install or execute recollinstall prefix, in the root of
the source tree. This will copy the commands to prefix/bin and the sample
configuration files, scripts and other shared data to prefix/share/recoll.
You can then proceed to configuration.
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4.2. Installing a prebuilt copy
4.2.1. Installing through a package system
If you are lucky enough to be using a port system or a prebuilt package
(RPM or other), just follow the usual procedure, and have a look at the
configuration section.
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4.2.2. Installing a prebuilt Recoll
The unpackaged binary versions are just compressed tar files of a build
tree, where only the useful parts were kept (executables and sample
configuration).
The executable binary files are built with a static link to libxapian and
libiconv, to make installation easier (no dependencies). However, this
also means that you cannot change the versions which are used.
After extracting the tar file, you can proceed with installation as if you
had built the package from source.
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4.3. Packages needed for external file types
Recoll uses external applications to index some file types. You need to
install them for the file types that you wish to have indexed (these are
run-time dependencies. None is needed for building Recoll):
* PDF: pdftotext is part of the Xpdf package.
* Postscript: pstotext.
* MS Word: antiword.
* RTF: unrtf
* dvi: dvips
* djvu: DjVuLibre
* MP3: Recoll will use the id3info command from the id3lib package to
extract tag information. Without it, only the filenames will be
indexed.
Text, Html, mail folders and Openoffice files are processed internally.
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4.4. Configuration overview
There are two sets of configuration files. The system-wide files are kept
in a directory named like /usr/[local/]share/recoll/examples, they define
default values for the system. A parallel set of files exists in the
.recoll directory in your home (this can be changed with the
RECOLL_CONFDIR environment variable.
If the .recoll directory does not exist when recoll or recollindex are
started, it will be created with a set of empty configuration files.
recoll will give you a chance to edit the configuration file before
starting indexing. recollindex will proceed immediately.
Most of the parameters specific to the recoll GUI are set through the
Preferences menu and stored in the standard QT place ($HOME/.qt/recollrc).
You probably do not want to edit this by hand.
For other options, Recoll uses text configuration files. You will have to
edit them by hand for now (there is still some hope for a GUI
configuration tool in the future). The most accurate documentation for the
configuration parameters is given by comments inside the default files,
and we will just give a general overview here.
All configuration files share the same format. For exemple, a short
extract of the main configuration file might look as follows:
# Space-separated list of directories to index.
topdirs = ~/docs /usr/share/doc
[~/somedirectory-with-utf8-txt-files]
defaultcharset = utf-8
There are three kinds of lines:
* Comment (starts with #) or empty.
* Parameter affectation (name = value).
* Section definition ([somedirname]).
Section lines allow redefining some parameters for a directory subtree.
Some of the parameters used for indexing are looked up hierarchically from
the more to the less specific. Not all parameters can be meaningfully
redefined, this is specified for each in the next section.
The tilde character (~) is expanded in file names to the name of the
user's home directory.
White space is used for separation inside lists. Elements with embedded
spaces can be quoted using double-quotes.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
4.4.1. Main configuration file
recoll.conf is the main configuration file. It defines things like what to
index (top directories and things to ignore), and the default character
set to use for document types which do not specify it internally.
The default configuration will index your home directory. If this is not
appropriate, start recoll to create a blank configuration, click Cancel,
and edit the configuration file before restarting the command. This will
start the initial indexing, which may take some time.
Paramers:
topdirs
Specifies the list of directories or files to index (recursively
for directories). The indexer will not follow symbolic links
inside the indexed trees. If an entry in the topdirs list is a
symbolic link, indexing will not start and will generate an error.
skippedNames
A space-separated list of patterns for names of files or
directories that should be completely ignored. The list defined in
the default file is:
*~ #* bin CVS Cache caughtspam tmp
The list can be redefined for subdirectories, but is only actually
changed for the top level ones in topdirs.
The top-level directories are not affected by this list (that is,
a directory in topdirs might match and would still be indexed).
The list in the default configuration does not exclude hidden
directories (names beginning with a dot), which means that it may
index quite a few things that you do not want. On the other hand,
mail user agents like thunderbird usually store messages in hidden
directories, and you probably want this indexed. One possible
solution is to have .* in skippedNames, and add things like
~/.thunderbird or ~/.evolution in topdirs.
loglevel
Verbosity level for recoll and recollindex. A value of 4 lists
quite a lot of debug/information messages. 2 only lists errors.
logfilename
Where the messages should go. 'stderr' can be used as a special
value, and is the default.
filtersdir
A directory to search for the external filter scripts used to
index some types of files. The value should not be changed, except
if you want to modify one of the default scripts. The value can be
redefined for any subdirectory.
indexstemminglanguages
A list of languages for which the stem expansion databases will be
built. See recollindex(1) for possible values. You can add a stem
expansion database for a different language by using recollindex
-s, but it will be deleted during the next indexing. Only
languages listed in the configuration file are permanent.
iconsdir
The name of the directory where recoll result list icons are
stored. You can change this if you want different images.
dbdir
The name of the Xapian data directory. It will be created if
needed when the index is initialized.
defaultcharset
The name of the character set used for files that do not contain a
character set definition (ie: plain text files). This can be
redefined for any subdirectory. If it is not set at all, the
character set used is the one defined by the nls environment
(LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, LANG), or iso8859-1 if nothing is set.
guesscharset
Decide if we try to guess the character set of files if no
internal value is available (ie: for plain text files). This does
not work well in general, and should probably not be used.
usesystemfilecommand
Decide if we use the file -i system command as a final step for
determining the mime type for a file (the main procedure uses
suffix associations as defined in the mimemap file). This can be
useful for files with suffixless names, but it will also cause the
indexing of many bogus "text" files.
indexallfilenames
Recoll indexes file names in a special section of the database to
allow specific file names searches using wild cards. This
parameter decides if file name indexing is performed only for
files with mime types that would qualify them for full text
indexing, or for all files inside the selected subtrees,
independant of mime type.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
4.4.2. The mimemap file
mimemap specifies the file name extension to mime type mappings.
For file names without an extension, or with an unknown one, the system's
file -i command will be executed to determine the mime type (this can be
switched off inside the main configuration file).
The mappings can be specified on a per-subtree basis, which may be useful
in some cases. Example: gaim logs have a .txt extension but should be
handled specially, which is possible because they are usually all located
in one place.
mimemap also has a recoll_noindex variable which is a list of suffixes.
Matching files will be skipped (avoids unnecessary decompressions or file
executions). This is partially redundant with skippedNames in the main
configuration file, with two differences: it will not affect directories,
and it can be changed for any subdirectory.
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4.4.3. The mimeconf file
mimeconf specifies how the different mime types are handled for indexing,
and for display.
Changing the indexing parameters is probably not a good idea except if you
are a Recoll developper.
You may want to adjust the external viewers defined in (ie: html is either
previewed internally or displayed using firefox, but you may prefer
mozilla, your openoffice.org program might be named oofice instead of
openoffice ...). Look for the [view] section.
You can also change the icons which are displayed by recoll in the result
lists (the values are the basenames of the png images inside the iconsdir
directory (specified in recoll.conf).
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dockes
